Nigel Farage’s insurgent anti-immigration party, Reform U.K., scored a significant, if razor-thin, victory Friday in a parliamentary special election in the northwest of England and made sweeping gains in municipalities across England.
The results served notice that Mr. Farage, a populist fixture and close ally of President Trump, is again a rising force in British politics.
Reform’s candidate, Sarah Pochin, won by just six votes over her Labour opponent, Karen Shore, in Runcorn and Helsby, seizing what had been a safe seat for the governing Labour Party until the incumbent, Mike Amesbury, was forced to resign after being convicted of assault for punching one of his constituents.
The outcome — the tightest in such an election in modern history — was so close that the vote, 12,645 to 12,639, had to be recounted, delaying the official announcement for hours.
But the victory was just the start of an impressive show of strength by Reform in mayoral and local council elections held Thursday across England.
More than 1,600 municipal seats were up for grabs, and Reform had won 540 of them by Friday afternoon, seizing control of seven municipalities. That gave the insurgent party its first taste of power, albeit in the lowest tier of government.
With heavy losses for the main opposition Conservative Party and a disappointing outcome for Labour, the results will deliver a jolt to British politics, potentially accelerating the country’s shift toward a more polarized, multiparty system.
For Prime Minister Keir Starmer, it was a setback in his party’s first electoral test since Labour swept to power in July. The Conservatives, still licking their wounds after last summer’s stinging defeat, proved yet more vulnerable to a threat from Reform. And Mr. Farage can make a plausible case that Reform has emerged as a genuine rival to both major parties.
Labour won the Runcorn seat in the last election by a margin of 15,400 votes. But Mr. Amesbury’s conviction, on top of voters’ broader frustration with the government, gave Reform an opening. Ms. Pochin, a businesswoman who served in local government, will join Mr. Farage as one of five Reform lawmakers in Parliament.
Her single-digit victory margin in a special election is without precedent in modern British political history. The closest margin until now was in Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1973, when a candidate from the Liberal Democrats won by 57 votes.
“The people of Runcorn and Helsby have spoken,” Ms. Pochin said after the victory. “Enough is enough. Enough Tory failure. Enough Labour lies.” She was joined by a beaming Mr. Farage, who told reporters, “It’s a huge night for Reform.”
Mr. Starmer acknowledged that he was disappointed by the outcome. “We need to go further and we need to go faster on the change that people want to see, and that’s what I am determined to do,” he told reporters on Friday morning.
In Runcorn, an industrial town of 61,000 on the River Mersey, east of Liverpool, the portents of a Reform victory were in the air on Thursday. People on the main street said the party had capitalized on anti-incumbent fervor, fueled by dissatisfaction with the economy, as well as on tensions over immigration, to win support among voters with deep Labour roots.
In recent years, immigration has become a fraught issue after a local hotel was converted to house migrants, some of whom crossed the English Channel in small boats, seeking asylum.
While the Labour government has announced plans to close the hotel, Reform kept a spotlight on it and tried to claim credit for pressuring the government to act.
Terry Osborne, 49, a business development manager, said Reform had tried to exploit the fact that some voters were not aware of the government’s role and was playing to their pre-existing biases on immigration. “They’ll hear what they want to hear about immigration,” he said.
Mohamed Alosta, 36, a business owner who described himself as a longtime Labour supporter, also criticized Reform’s handling of the hotel issue.
But he said he would not vote for Labour this time because he was disenchanted by the politics of the major parties. Instead, he planned to vote for the Workers Party, a fringe party led by the left-wing firebrand, George Galloway.
In addition to the special election, voters were electing council members in 24 municipalities in parts of England, as well as six regional mayors.
Labour won three mayoral elections: in North Tyneside and in Doncaster, both in northern England, and in the West of England.
But Reform performed strongly and came second in all three races. In Greater Lincolnshire, Reform’s candidate, Andrea Jenkyns, a former Conservative lawmaker, was victorious, winning 42 percent of the vote for mayor. Reform also won the mayoral race in Hull and East Yorkshire.
]Reform also took control of Staffordshire County Council, the first time the party has won the leadership of a municipality.
Local officials often focus on what may be considered mundane work, like overseeing trash collection or planning. But the elections function as a referendum on the governing party, whose whopping parliamentary majority last year was built on a thin 34 percent of the vote.
Since then, Labour’s shallow support has been sapped by unpopular economic decisions like curbing payments to retirees that had helped them cope with fuel costs, hiking payroll taxes on businesses and changing inheritance tax rules for farmers.
“They almost appear to have set out to offend every group,” said Robert Hayward, a Conservative member of the House of Lords and polling expert.
With the next general election years away, there is no threat to Mr. Starmer’s position. But the bad result could increase pressure on the architect of Labour’s austere economic policies, Rachel Reeves, the chancellor of the Exchequer.
Labour’s struggles are not translating into dividends for the Conservatives. The party had braced for a major loss of seats because the last time this set of local council seats was contested, in 2021, it did unusually well. Voters rewarded Boris Johnson, who was then prime minister, for a speedy rollout of coronavirus vaccines.
But the scale of the setback could raise questions about the job security of Kemi Badenoch, who was elected Conservative leader last November. Analysts say it could embolden her critics within the party, including those who want some form of pact with Reform U.K. — something Ms. Badenoch rejects.
Still, Mr. Hayward and other analysts believe that Ms. Badenoch is unlikely to face a coup just six months into her leadership.
That left Mr. Farage as the clearest winner. Reform fielded candidates in virtually all the local races, a sign of increasing depth and maturity in a party that, like previous parties led by Mr. Farage, has sometimes been dismissed by critics as a one-man band.
