M&A Booms Globally, But Tariffs Freeze US Deals

While cross-border dealmaking accelerates in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East, US M&A faces mounting headwinds from tariffs, recession fears, and regulatory pushback.

M&A activity got off to a strong start in 2025, with global deal value surpassing $1.2 trillion through April, according to Dealogic. However, more is being spent on less, considering the number of transactions is at a two-decade low. Only 6,955 deals were announced in the first quarter; that’s down 16% from the fourth quarter of 2024.

Mounting recession fears, renewed trade tensions, and shifting political winds are weighing heavily on corporate dealmakers and private equity firms—particularly in the US, where valuations remain flat.

“Deals got done in Q1 but it has been slow and will probably get slower as the year progresses. I have been asking for updated 2025 projections but there is uncertainty in the markets and how the tariffs will play out, and a hesitation to provide those 2025 projections,” says David Acharya, managing partner at Acharya Capital Partners. “I have been hearing similar comments from my peers—senior investment partners with investment committee responsibilities.”

Consider the numbers. As of May 1, Dealogic shows US M&A value is at $575.6 billion. That’s down 1% compared to this time last year. Other regions are on the opposite trajectory: Japan, $42 billion (up 133%); Asia, $251.4 billion (73%); Canada, $52.4 billion (54%); Middle East/Africa, $31.4 billion (51%); and Europe, $257.8 billion (7%).

For the numbers to be where they are, investment banks don’t have many mega deals to boast about. In March, Google’s parent company, Alphabet, purchased cybersecurity startup Wiz for about $32 billion. There was also the $16.4 billion agreement between Constellation and Calpine Corp., as well as the $22.8-billion investment from China’s Ministry of Finance into four state-owned banks. In Europe, Austria’s OMV cut a deal with Abu Dhabi National Oil Co. to merge their respective polyolefins businesses; the combined entity proceeded to buy NOVA Chemicals Corp for $13.4 billion.

Technology, finance, health care, utilities, and oil and gas remain the most vibrant sectors across the globe. Technology and finance both exceeded last year’s three-month period in terms of dollars spent.

“In the US, M&A volume has decreased on a year-on-year basis, while most other markets in Asia and Europe have gone up,” Takashi Toyokawa of Ignosi Partners, says. “I’d expect this trend to continue over the next couple of quarters until there’s some level of certainty in the US.”

For the first quarter, the US Commerce Department announced that the economy shrank for the first time in three years. The 0.3% contraction was fueled by businesses scrambling to strategize in response to President Donald Trump’s confusing trade policy.

“While we’re seeing that deals that have been in the works since last year are still getting across the finish line, the uncertainty driven by the imposition of tariffs in the US and increase in long-term interest rates, which in turn has led to market volatility, has definitely caused potential acquirers to think twice before doing deals,” Toyokawa adds.

The current scenario is in stark contrast to what big banks were expecting at the end of 2024 and the start of 2025.

“The pace of mergers and acquisitions around the world gained momentum [in 2024], and there are signs that deal-making will accelerate in 2025,” Stephan Feldgoise and Mark Sorrell, Goldman Sachs’ M&A co-heads, said in a joint statement back in December.

JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon was also bullish. Just days before Trump’s inauguration, the bank boss remarked: “Businesses are more optimistic about the economy, and they are encouraged by expectations for a more pro-growth agenda and improved collaboration between government and business.”

Not anymore. According to The Wall Street Journal, Dimon recently told investors at IMF meetings that a recession is the best-case outcome.

Hopes that a second Trump term would bring looser M&A regulations have also been dashed. The Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission are proving just as tough as they were during Trump’s first term, as well as under former President Joe Biden. Recent lawsuits blocking Hewlett Packard Enterprise’s $14.3 billion acquisition of Juniper Networks and GTCR’s $611 million Surmodics buyout show that even under Trump, antitrust enforcers aren’t easing up.

The will-they-won’t-they dynamic between U.S. Steel and Tokyo-based Nippon Steel isn’t serving as a useful gauge for how the White House plans on handling M&A regulations, particularly when it’s a cross-border proposal. Under Biden, the deal was blocked due to what the former administration considered national security risks. Trump opposed it last year, but has been indecisive on the matter.

“The market was thinking there would be relief from the harsh anti-merger stance from the Biden administration, not open season on M&A,” Accelerate Fintech’s Julian Klymochko says. “Safe to say, that hasn’t happened.”

Whether M&A pros find that early-year optimism again remains to be seen. After all, hopes were high that pent-up demand, ample capital, and a business-friendly presidential administration would fuel a wave of consolidations.

Instead, dealmaking momentum has stalled, weighed down by rising market volatility and growing economic uncertainty, Andrew Lucano, co-chair of the M&A practice at law firm Seyfarth Shaw, explained.

“Recent US trade policies have introduced significant unpredictability, triggering market swings and prompting caution among deal participants, especially those with exposure to tariff risk,” Lucano says. “Uncertainty has always been one of the greatest inhibitors of dealmaking, and that’s exactly where we are right now. As a result, many players are adopting a ‘wait and see’ approach, at least in the near term, as they assess the full impact of tariffs and any potential retaliatory measures.”